Coarctation of the aorta or also referred to as aortic coarctation is basically a narrowing of the aorta, the large blood vessel those branches off the heart and delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body. When this occurs, the heart must pump harder to force blood through the narrowed part of the aorta.
Coarctation of the aorta is generally present at birth which is referred to as congenital. The condition can range from mild to severe, and might not be detected until adulthood, depending on how much the aorta is narrowed. Coarctation of the aorta often occurs along with other heart defects. While treatment is usually successful, the condition requires careful lifelong follow-up.
Symptoms of Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the aorta symptoms depends on the severity of the condition. Most people don't have any symptoms at all, however, serious aortic narrowing may show signs and symptoms earlier in life.
Severe cases of Coarctation of the Aorta at birth are the following:
However, when Coarctation of the Aorta is detected after infancy, the following symptoms may be detected:
Associated Medical Conditions
Coarctation of the aorta often occurs along with other congenital heart defects such as the following:
Bicuspid Aortic Valve: The aortic valve separates the lower left ventricle of the heart from the aorta. A bicuspid aortic valve has two flaps instead of the usual three. Many people with coarctation of the aorta have a bicuspid aortic valve
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Before birth, the ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel connecting the left pulmonary artery to the aorta which allows blood to bypass the lungs. Shortly after birth, the ductus arteriosus usually closes but when it remains open, it is called a patent ductus arteriosus.
Holes In The Wall Between The Left And Right Sides Of The Heart: When a child is born, there may have been a hole in the wall or septum between the upper chambers of the heart referred to as the atrial septal defect or the lower chambers of the heart referred to as ventricular septal defect. Thus, causing oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right side of the heart.
Aortic Valve Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the valve that separates the left ventricle of the heart from the aortic valve. This means the heart has to pump harder to get adequate blood flow to the body. Over time, this causes the heart muscle to thicken and may often lead to heart failure.
Mitral Valve Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the mitral valve between the upper left atrium and the left ventricle that lets blood flow through the left side of the heart.
Aortic Valve Regurgitation: This occurs when the aortic valve doesn't close tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left ventricle.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation: This occurs when the mitral valve dot closes tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left atrium.
What Causes COA?
It is caused by the narrowing or constriction of the major artery or the aorta that carries blood to the body.
How does it affect the heart?
Coarctation obstructs blood flow from the heart to the lower part of the body and thus resulting in a high blood pressure than normal in the left ventricle and also the heart needs to work harder to pump blood through the constriction in the aorta. This can cause thickening or hypertrophy and damage to the overworked heart muscle.
How is COA diagnosed?
Most of the times there are no symptoms that exist at birth, but they can develop as early as the first week after birth wherein the baby will be developing congestive heart failure or high blood pressure.
How can COA be treated?
The coarctation obstruction can be cured by either using surgery or undergoing catheterization.
Will there be any limitations after the treatment of COA?
In case, the coarctation has been repaired, there will be no important leftover obstruction or high blood pressure problems that the child may face and he may not need any special precautions regarding physical activity, and should be able to participate in normal activities without increased risk. However, it might not be the same for all, and so it is important to have a consultation with the concerned doctor.
Associated Medical Conditions
Coarctation of the aorta often occurs along with other congenital heart defects such as the following:
Bicuspid Aortic Valve: The aortic valve separates the lower left ventricle of the heart from the aorta. A bicuspid aortic valve has two flaps instead of the usual three. Many people with coarctation of the aorta have a bicuspid aortic valve
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Before birth, the ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel connecting the left pulmonary artery to the aorta which allows blood to bypass the lungs. Shortly after birth, the ductus arteriosus usually closes but when it remains open, it is called a patent ductus arteriosus.
Holes In The Wall Between The Left And Right Sides Of The Heart: When a child is born, there may have been a hole in the wall or septum between the upper chambers of the heart referred to as the atrial septal defect or the lower chambers of the heart referred to as ventricular septal defect. Thus, causing oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right side of the heart.
Aortic Valve Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the valve that separates the left ventricle of the heart from the aortic valve. This means the heart has to pump harder to get adequate blood flow to the body. Over time, this causes the heart muscle to thicken and may often lead to heart failure.
Mitral Valve Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the mitral valve between the upper left atrium and the left ventricle that lets blood flow through the left side of the heart.
Aortic Valve Regurgitation: This occurs when the aortic valve doesn't close tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left ventricle.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation: This occurs when the mitral valve dot closes tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left atrium.
What Causes COA?
It is caused by the narrowing or constriction of the major artery or the aorta that carries blood to the body.
How does it affect the heart?
Coarctation obstructs blood flow from the heart to the lower part of the body and thus resulting in a high blood pressure than normal in the left ventricle and also the heart needs to work harder to pump blood through the constriction in the aorta. This can cause thickening or hypertrophy and damage to the overworked heart muscle.
How is COA diagnosed?
Most of the times there are no symptoms that exist at birth, but they can develop as early as the first week after birth wherein the baby will be developing congestive heart failure or high blood pressure.
How can COA be treated?
The coarctation obstruction can be cured by either using surgery or undergoing catheterization.
Will there be any limitations after the treatment of COA?
In case, the coarctation has been repaired, there will be no important leftover obstruction or high blood pressure problems that the child may face and he may not need any special precautions regarding physical activity, and should be able to participate in normal activities without increased risk. However, it might not be the same for all, and so it is important to have a consultation with the concerned doctor.
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Coarctation of the aorta or also referred to as aortic coarctation is basically a narrowing of the aorta, the large blood vessel those branches off the heart and delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body. When this occurs, the heart must pump harder to force blood through the narrowed part of the aorta.
Coarctation of the aorta is generally present at birth which is referred to as congenital. The condition can range from mild to severe, and might not be detected until adulthood, depending on how much the aorta is narrowed. Coarctation of the aorta often occurs along with other heart defects. While treatment is usually successful, the condition requires careful lifelong follow-up.
Symptoms of Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the aorta symptoms depends on the severity of the condition. Most people don't have any symptoms at all, however, serious aortic narrowing may show signs and symptoms earlier in life.
Severe cases of Coarctation of the Aorta at birth are the following:
However, when Coarctation of the Aorta is detected after infancy, the following symptoms may be detected:
Associated Medical Conditions
Coarctation of the aorta often occurs along with other congenital heart defects such as the following:
Bicuspid Aortic Valve: The aortic valve separates the lower left ventricle of the heart from the aorta. A bicuspid aortic valve has two flaps instead of the usual three. Many people with coarctation of the aorta have a bicuspid aortic valve
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Before birth, the ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel connecting the left pulmonary artery to the aorta which allows blood to bypass the lungs. Shortly after birth, the ductus arteriosus usually closes but when it remains open, it is called a patent ductus arteriosus.
Holes In The Wall Between The Left And Right Sides Of The Heart: When a child is born, there may have been a hole in the wall or septum between the upper chambers of the heart referred to as the atrial septal defect or the lower chambers of the heart referred to as ventricular septal defect. Thus, causing oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right side of the heart.
Aortic Valve Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the valve that separates the left ventricle of the heart from the aortic valve. This means the heart has to pump harder to get adequate blood flow to the body. Over time, this causes the heart muscle to thicken and may often lead to heart failure.
Mitral Valve Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the mitral valve between the upper left atrium and the left ventricle that lets blood flow through the left side of the heart.
Aortic Valve Regurgitation: This occurs when the aortic valve doesn't close tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left ventricle.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation: This occurs when the mitral valve dot closes tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left atrium.
What Causes COA?
It is caused by the narrowing or constriction of the major artery or the aorta that carries blood to the body.
How does it affect the heart?
Coarctation obstructs blood flow from the heart to the lower part of the body and thus resulting in a high blood pressure than normal in the left ventricle and also the heart needs to work harder to pump blood through the constriction in the aorta. This can cause thickening or hypertrophy and damage to the overworked heart muscle.
How is COA diagnosed?
Most of the times there are no symptoms that exist at birth, but they can develop as early as the first week after birth wherein the baby will be developing congestive heart failure or high blood pressure.
How can COA be treated?
The coarctation obstruction can be cured by either using surgery or undergoing catheterization.
Will there be any limitations after the treatment of COA?
In case, the coarctation has been repaired, there will be no important leftover obstruction or high blood pressure problems that the child may face and he may not need any special precautions regarding physical activity, and should be able to participate in normal activities without increased risk. However, it might not be the same for all, and so it is important to have a consultation with the concerned doctor.
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The Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre is one of the oldest tertiary care, multi-specialty Trust hospitals of the country. In the late 60s, when the establishment of large private hospitals was not common, the institution was conceptualized & endowed to the city of Mumbai by Seth Lokoom.....
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In January 2007, we began a life-affirming journey with the opening of Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute in Mumbai. A tribute by Anil and I to my father-in-law Dhirubhai Ambani, and dedicated to my mother-in-law Kokilaben, our int.....
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